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The Reason Why Craig’s Theory
About EFT Is Vulnerable

How Does EFT Work
What Is Craig's EFT Theory?
EFT, a simple finger tapping routine, has been successful in dealing with the emotional problems of thousands of people.  I found it to be an effective exercise.  Yet, its success has been difficult to explain. Painful emotional memories are known to be entrained deeply into nerve channels through neural plasticity. How can such impulses be permanently suppressed through mere tapping? In Gary Craig's explanation, negative emotions are linked to a disruption in the body's energy system.

According to him, tapping balances electricity in the meridians of the body by sending healing pulses. The presence of such meridians is assumed in traditional Chinese medical theories. Unfortunately, there is no scientific evidence of their existence. Neither has science uncovered a mechanism, which can manipulate electricity through physical tapping. This page attempts to logically explain the workings of EFT.

• Callahan discovered that tapping the stomach meridian point below the eyes stilled the water phobia of a patient. He used a diagnostic muscle testing technique to treat his patients.
• Craig developed EFT as an acupressure shortcut. Thousands of patients benefited.
• Emotions are known to modify attitudes and behaviors.
• The amygdala forms lifelong memories for emotionally significant sensory perceptions.
• The amygdala signals trigger depression, guilt, anger, grief and PTSD.
• Acupressure originated in China and is now practiced around the world.
• Combinatorial coding can explain the effect.

How Does EFT Work
How Was EFT Discovered?
Craig based EFT on the successes of Dr. Roger Callahan, a psychologist, in dealing with emotional problems. Back in 1980, Callahan had failed to help a troubled patient, in spite of using conventional psychotherapy over a period of 18 months. She suffered from frequent headaches and terrifying nightmares, related to her abnormal fear of water. At one point, the patient had complained of some stomach discomfort. Tentatively, Callahan tapped her under her eyes with his fingertips. He knew it to be the end point of the stomach meridian for acupressure treatment.

To his astonishment, her water phobia vanished. She was immediately able to go to a nearby swimming pool and play with water. Her fear, headaches and nightmares disappeared. She has been free of the phobia ever since. Following this accidental insight, Callahan successfully applied the finger tapping technique on meridian points to relieve phobias within minutes. He was equally successful with negative emotions, including depression, guilt, anger, grief and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In many cases, the patients achieved permanent relief.

How Does EFT Work
Is EFT A Shortcut For Acupressure?
Callahan used a special diagnostic muscle testing technique to detect the meridian points of energy imbalance. Craig, a Stanford engineer and practicing personal performance coach, developed EFT as an acupressure shortcut. Instead of detecting the meridian related to each emotional problem, the EFT routine sequentially taps the most important meridian points related to emotions in a one minute tapping routine. He added certain affirmations to be applied by the patient, while applying the routine.

Gary Craig narrates the story of Rich, a war veteran, suffering PSTD for 17 years. He was tortured by haunting war memories and a major height phobia, aggravated by his parachute jumps. Under strong medication, it took him 3 to 4 hours to go to sleep. EFT enabled Rich to be completely healed. He “didn't have a nickel's worth of anxiety.” Thousands more of such patients benefited from EFT.

How Does EFT Work
Do Emotions Modify Body Behavior?
Negative emotions are neural signals, triggered primarily from the amygdalae, organs in the limbic system. With evolutionary origins in the early fishes, these organs are responsible for activating ancestral signs of distress, with a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions. Impulses from the amygdalae to the hypothalamus activate the sympathetic system, increase reflexes and produce expressions of fear. Adrenalin increases to prepare the body for a fight or flight response. Heart beats increase to improve blood supply. Blood pressure rises and breathing changes. Acidity increases in the stomach. The excretory system prepares to clear toxin. The endocrine system produces the adrenal hormone cortisol. Naturally, increased neural activity in the amygdalae has a powerful impact on the well-being of the mind.

How Does EFT Work
How Does The Amygdalae Contribute To Stress?
Receiving inputs from the sensory systems, the amygdalae forms memories of stimuli of stressful situations through long term potentiation (LTP) generating persisting links between the related synapses. Emotional arousal following the learning event influences the strength of the subsequent memory for that event. Essentially, changes in the amygdala form “speed dial links,” which generate abnormal activity, causing emotional problems.

A variety of sensory signals immediately trigger emotional problems for the affected people. Those memories are slowly assimilated into permanent lifelong storage. Excessive activity in the amygdalae has been associated with anxiety, autism, depression, narcolepsy, PSTD, phobias, and schizophrenia. While an endless, ever changing number of explanations are offered for countless emotional concerns, this single cause lies behind most of them.

How Does EFT Work
Do Emotions Carry Coded Stress Messages?
Apart from external signals, internal signals also could trigger emotional distress. The insulae, a part of the limbic system registers a host of internal sensations including sharp pain, burning pain, cool or warm temperature, itching, muscle contraction, muscle burn because of lactic acid, joint movements, soft touch, mechanical stress, tickling, flushing, hunger and thirst. The same organ is activated during social emotions - love and hate, lust and disgust, cold calculation, hot tempers, sadness and happiness.

A great many emotional problems originate from the signals of tension received from the internal organs. The organs “speed dial” the amygdalae to generate emotional distress. Its LTP circuits respond abnormally to these signals to cause depression, guilt, anger, grief and PTSD. The EFT tapping routine relaxes those organs and stills the emotional signals.

How Does EFT Work
What Is The History Of Acupuncture?
EFT has evolved from acupuncture. It is a technique of inserting and manipulating fine needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain or for therapeutic purposes. A legend claims that acupuncture started in China when some soldiers experimented with arrows (later needles) as therapy, after experiencing relief from pain in other parts of the body, after being wounded by arrows in battle.

Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan, Vietnamese and Korean forms of acupuncture are practiced and taught throughout the world. The beneficial effects of the treatment indicate a real life phenomenon. EFT applies the same principle. The effects of both EFT and acupuncture can be explained from known scientific facts.

How Does EFT Work 
What Is Combinatorial Coding?
I came to discover the powerful communication pathways of the nervous system quite by accident.  I had the job of building tall buildings.  One advantage of such work is that you get a lot of spare time. You have to wait a whole month after pouring concrete for the third floor to cast the fourth floor.  In 1989, I used such time to explore the absorbing world of computers.  I came across the logic used by a Prolog AI program for disease recognition. It could identify one out of 8 diseases by answering yes/no questions for 32 related symptoms.

Could the same logic be applied within a Lotus spreadsheet?  Curious, I entered the "if yes, then select the disease" formula on it to try and solve that problem.  But, there was an unwitting and fortuitous error in the logic in my formula.  For each question, instead of selecting, the error caused the program to  eliminate diseases.  The logic was reversed.  When I clicked "Yes" for one particular symptom, the inverted logic in the program eliminated 7 diseases and offered the remaining one as the identified disease.  Surprisingly, the answer was right!

A flash of light from that answer mesmerized me by its implications and kept me awake for three weeks.   Science did not know how a doctor could identify one out of 8000 diseases with a glance at a patient. In the split second I had taken to enter "Yes" to just one question, an ordinary spreadsheet had correctly identified a disease.  The search had ELIMINATED!  It took three weeks for clarity to emerge.

A programmer wrote the code for my "Expert System."  For 225 eye diseases, it eliminated both irrelevant diseases and their connected questions for each answer. I presented the Expert System to a panel of doctors.  "It identified Angular Conjunctivitis without asking a single stupid question." said a doctor. The program was successfully identifying the truth in patterns.

It took three weeks for a logical outline of a real life structure of the  nervous system to emerge in my mind.  That structure fitted the publicly available facts.  All the 100 billion neurons could identify combinations.  Combinatorial patterns could work instantly.  Precise combinatorial signals between the neurons could deliver meaningful messages.  The axon hillocks of the neurons could store and retrieve boundless memories. 

With such a structure, the elimination logic could control most of the  motor functions of the body with millisecond accuracy. A Nobel Prize was awarded in 2004 for the discovery that the olfactory nerve system identifies smells by recognizing particular combinations of nerve signals. Over the next 30 years I have assembled a mass of supporting evidence and published three books. 

Acupuncture, acupressure and EFT work, because the mind has the capacity to sense and respond to combinatorial patterns.  Combinatorial codes enable neurons to interact intelligently. The code can still a sympathetic pain sensory neuron, when it receives a touch sensory signal in its dendrite. The acupressure signals are recognized by cells in other regions, which respond by inhibiting pain signals, or relaxing muscles. The nervous system recognizes myriad combinatorial messages to manage life.

How Does EFT Work
How Effective Is Pattern Recognition?
EFT tapping at selected meridian points generates touch sensory signals. Touch and pain sensory neurons are located extensively over internal organs and the body surface. Since combinatorial codes work in this linked network, the application of tapping in one location generates responses in distant regions of the body. Thousands of years ago, the Chinese acupuncture physicians located the nodal touch and pain points linked to specific organs in this network. They discovered that the stomach network is linked to the points below the eyes.

In the case of Callahan's patient, tensed stomach regions sent continuous signals to the amygdala, which caused her water phobia. When he tapped the meridian point below her eyes, the related organs relaxed, shutting off troubling signals to the speed dial circuits in the amygdalae. Failing to receive the signals, the organ did not respond with fear patterns any more. Despite years of entrainment of painful signals, the absence of initiating signals from the stomach stilled the amygdalae and gave relief to the patient.

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