Human Memory CapacityMassive Capacity RevealedRecent findings of science point to a massive human memory capacity. A 2004 Nobel Prize winning discovery pointed directly to neurons as the vehicle of memory. The memory for thousands of smells for animals resides in the combinatorial codes of their olfactory neurons. Combinatorial codes can theoretically store a galactic memory. The brilliance of the mind can only be explained by the presence of a massive memory. Human Memory Capacity - Remembering Images  Just ordinary people were reported to be able to store, at a glance, billions of pixels of visual data. They couldrecognize, with 99.5% accuracy, any one of 10,000 images shown to them at one second intervals. Thousands of distinctive multi-million pixel classifications were swiftly absorbed and retained in the memories of their visual subsystems. Instinctual responses from millions of years of evolution have merged with new data of myriad images, sound bytes, tastes and smells into an incredibly detailed human memory. Pixel by pixel differences in these sensory images are recalled instantly.Human Memory Capacity - Mouse Receptor Neurons In 2004, a Nobel Prize acknowledged the discovery of researchers, who used calcium imaging to identify individual mouse receptor neurons, which fired on recognition of specific odors. The investigators exposed the neurons to a range smells. They found that a single receptor could identify several odors. At the same time, each odor was identified by several receptors. Different combinations of receptors fired to identify different odors. Human Memory Capacity - Combinatorial Codes  The olfactory subsystem recognized smells, when specific neuron receptor combinations fired. The olfactory circuit used an "alphabet" (A to Z) of receptors to identify a specific smell. Combinations of receptors (ABD, ABP, or XYZ), fired to indicate different smells. Subtle chemical differences caused distinct combinations to fire. This ability to recognize combinations reduced the number of receptor types (A to Z) required to identify a multitude of odors (the infinite vocabulary of A to Z combinations).In the experiment, scientists reported that even slight changes in chemical structure activated different combinations of receptors. Thus, octanol smelled like oranges, while the similar compound octanoic acid smelled like sweat. Remembering sweat smell is memory. Humanity has inherited the codes which remember the smell of oranges, or of sweat. Combinatorial coding provides massive human memory capacity. Human Memory Capacity - Nosebrains Laid The Foundations Dogs can quickly sniff a few footprints of a person and determine accurately which way the person is walking. The animal's nose can detect the relative odor strength difference between footprints only a few feet apart, to determine the direction of a trail. It was the same combinatorial coding, which enabled nerve cells of early reptilian nosebrains to recognize smells as safe, or dangerous. Myriad such judgments of the environment in cubic miles of codes support human memory. Human Memory Capacity - Remembering Patterns Odorant molecules reach the receptors in your nose, hitch on to a group of receptors, which recognize the odor. Calcium channels in the membranes of those cells open and calcium ions poured inside, generating electrical charges down the axons of those cells. You recognize a smell. Similarly, chemoreceptors in the tongue report molecules with information on taste. Other receptors are massed together to form sensory subsystems such as your eyes and ears. Human memory stores combinatorial signals generated by millions of similar receptors. Even the four "letters" in the genetic code – A, C, G and T – are used in combinations for the creation of a nearly infinite number of genetic sequences. Human Memory Capacity - A Nerve Cell Remembers Clinton  Researchers discovered the “Bill Clinton neuron,” which fired on recognition of just one special face. The cell fired on recognizing three very different images of the former President; a line drawing of a laughing Clinton; a formal painting depicting him; and a photograph of him in a crowd. The cell remained mute when the patient viewed images of other politicians and celebrities. Scientists found similar cells in other patients, which selectively recognized Jennifer Anniston, Brad Pitt, and Halle Berry. Human memory assists in identification of people and places by remembering combinations in myriad neural recognition subsystems.Human Memory Capacity - Neurons Laid The Foundations Before the arrival of nerve cells, the earliest multicellular forms moved about and swallowed, or expelled food, by contracting their cells. The contraction was effected through chemical signals, the forerunners of hormones, which diffused quickly throughout the system. But the diffusion of chemicals was slow over longer distances and they could not be specifically targeted. Nature developed neurons to transmit specific information. Human memory comes from the ability of neurons to remember and recognize specific neuron firing combinations. Human Memory Capacity - Cubic Miles Of Bytes The memories of computers are measured in terms of their smallest addressable element, called a byte. A byte usually contains eight binary digits. Nerve cells also have an “all or nothing” binary response. If combinatorial codes are remembered by nerve cells, each combination of firing inputs received by a neuron with 100 dendrites could contain 100 binary digits. The possible number of unique combinations of inputs for a single neuron with just 100 incoming dendrites could be computed as 100 x 99 x 98 x 97 x .... x 2 x 1 possibilities. That represents more than 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 unique possible combinations! Multiply that number by 100 and divide by 8 to measure the number of bytes of possible memory. A single nerve cell with 100 dendrites can potentially remember that many bytes of singular combinations. Some nerve cells have upto 2,50,000 dendrites! Only the possible existence of such codes can explain the phenomenal capacity of human memory. Human Memory Capacity - More Cubic Miles Of Code To get a proportion on human memory capacity, consider the estimates by science of the store of DNA codes in the human body. At the moment of conception, a single fertilized human egg contains information equivalent to about six billion chemical letters, which can be recorded in a thousand 500 page books. In a grown human body, with the DNA in each cell containing a sequence of over 3 billion chemical nucleotide bases, the total of those codes in the body would fill the 277 mile long Grand Canyon fifty times over with 500 page manuals! The memories stored by nature for programming life exceeds known computer capacities on an exponential scale. Human Memory Capacity - It Exists All Over The Nervous System Karl Lashley reported that memory could not be isolated to any region of the cortex. He had taught rats to run complex mazes and then removed segments of the cortex to identify the locus of memory storage for the maze. He found that memory could not be completely obliterated by ablation of any specific region. Nerve cells were richly interlinked and code memories powered millions of interactive links. The memory of a location in a maze for a sought reward could still be remembered as an echo, or scent, even if the visual and taste regions were injured. Nerve cells in widespread neural circuits stored such coded memories. Human Memory Capacity - Maths Not The Answer Science continues to search for a mathematical basis for the functioning of nerve cells. The central mathematical foundations of science support this view. In Principia Mathematica, Bertrand Russel held that all questions of logic could be expressed in mathematical terms. Great mathematical theories underpin every aspect of space and matter. Since scientists favor maths, neurons, the basic building blocks of human intelligence, are assumed to be computers. Nerve cells are presumed to compute, not recognize. So, memory research failed to note the significant combinatorial role of neurons in the Harvard discovery. That role mandates a massive memory capacityHow Does The Brain Remember How Does The Brain Remember? You remember when nerve cells, recognize your current emotion and fire to recall related images. The Human Memory Research Mistake The human memory research mistake is that science has not yet focused on explaining its massive capacity and precision. Daniel Amen The unique ability of Dr Daniel Amen to link brain images to behavioral problems is inexplicable to a large section of the medical community. Back to Top Return from Human Memory Capacity to Effective Mind Control Home Page E-Mail Me Your Comments! |
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Effective Mind Control
Mind Control Tips
Steps to reach your highest RI level of consciousness.
A Self Improvement Plan
A life plan for effective stress relief.
Developing Self awareness
The process can take the sting out of your fears and frustrations.
Eugene Gendlin Focusing
About Eugene Gendlin's steps to achieve self awareness.
Who Am I?
The great sage Ramana Maharshi advised his pupil to ask this question.
How To Relax At Work
Steps to help you to relax quickly while at work.
Breathing Exercises
Conscious breathing stills disturbing emotions.
Visceral Reaction
An exercise to subdue the impact of a visceral reaction.
Mindfulness Exercises
Your ability to recognize patterns can improve the quality of your life.
Coping With Stress
How to "Accept the things you cannot change."
About Will Power
Will power has nothing to do with a free will.
The Startle Response
On dealing with unwanted surprises in life.
Your Hidden Emotions
Your Hidden Emotions
How to uncover and regulate your hidden emotions.
When Life Has No Meaning
Finding the meaning of life has little to do with your happiness.
Overcoming Shyness
It is all about being comfortable with people.
Developing Intuition
Enrich your life by gaining timely and helpful insights.
A Cure For Boredom
Permanently cure the boredom malady.
The EFT Way To Be Happy
Be rid of your bad feelings through acupressure.
I Am So Sad
Not a mild, momentary unhappiness, but afeeling of intense grief.
Make Life Meaningful
Can 15 year old Angie make life meaningful?
What Causes Fear
A potential for pain, or an unrecognizable event, causes fear.
Dealing With Severe Guilt
A few years back, Ann swung out on to the outer lane to overtake...
Controlling Anger
Achieve a measure of control and your mind will not revert.
On Swallowing Your Pride
All about avoiding embarrassment.
The Power Of Gratitude
While it brings a sense of well-being, is it justified?
Social Comparison
A relentless and often troubling drive within you.
Overcoming Low Self Esteem
Learn to rid yourself of a painful habit.
Respect
Respect is a herd emotion, which helps you to jump the queue.
What Is Trust?
Trust is a positive emotion, which makes people rely on others.
Contempt
The word "contempt" implies either disgust, or disrespect. The two are different.
The Power Of Expectation
Hidden expectations become self-fulfilling prophesies
Pessimist To Optimist
Switch off pessimism and improve your health.
A View Of The Mind
How The Mind Works
Pattern recognition explains the brilliant wisdom of the mind.
The Triune Brain
The three guiding objectives of nature's control systems.
Consciousness & Soul
Your consciousness occasionally mirrors your soul.
Levels of consciousness
Evolution created different levels of consciousness.
What Causes Emotions?
The neural signals, which control behavior.
The Secret Of Intuition
Intuition is a pattern recognition algorithm.
The Subconscious Mind
The troubling drives within your subconscious mind.
What Is Intelligence?
A 2004 Nobel Prize refers to the central secret of human and animal intelligence.
Human Memory Capacity
About the immense capacity of human memory.
The Olfactory Sense
The olfactory sense has used a specific coding principle for hundreds of millions of years.
How Do We Remember?
Nerve cells recognize your current emotion and recall related images.
Long Term Potentiation
LTP is not the basis for human memory, but merely assists memory retrieval.
Behavior Pattern Recognition
Enables the mind to understand events.
Memory Research
Science has not focused on its huge capacity and precision.
Amygdala & Emotions
The amygdala triggers your emotions faster than your conscious awareness.
Insular Cortex & Social Emotions
The insular cortex grants you self awareness, empathy and social discipline.
Mirror Neurons
How can a group of neurons generate a subtle experience like empathy?
Stress Relief & Attention
Focusing attention inwards is the secret of effective mind control.
Theory of Mind
The knowledge, which enables you to predict and manipulate the behavior of others.
Meditation Benefits
Understand why it works.
A Theory Of Motivation
Motivation levels are regulated by neural pattern recognition events.
Acupuncture - How it Works
Acupuncture utilizes the capacity of the mind to sense combinatorial patterns.
Daniel Amen
How he links brain images to behavioral problems is inexplicable to many scientists.
Determinism vs Free Will
Free will loses in the determinism vs free will debate.
Define Common Sense
Science cannot clearly define common sense.
Intuitive Decision Making
Intuition can hand over control to fear, or make wise decisions.
Organ Transplants
Behavior transfer after organ transplants.
The Limbic System
The limbic system makes the behavioral choices of the human mind.
Artificial Intelligence
The AI disadvantage
AI lacks the real tools needed to succeed. It has one now!
Uncertainty & Expert Systems
Uncertainty can assist Expert Systems to diagnose problems.
Future Computers And Robotics
The Evolution Of Computers
The next stage is pattern recognition, leading to true artificial intelligence.
Robots In Our Future
They will, one day, be able to read and understand this article.
Kurzweil Singularity
Singularity will not be the end of human understanding.
Watson Computer - Finally, Strong AI!
UIMA, a program that can read and understand this article.
A View Of Management
Motivation Techniques
Motivation techniques should be humane and help people to achieve excellence.
Stress Free Career Success
Stress free career success is possible even if you are not a millionaire.
Practice Love and Compassion
Practice love and compassion as your life strategy and flow with the tide of nature.
NLP For Dummies
NLP is for dummies.
Living In The Now
A way of blocking out bad thoughts and finding joy.
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