How Does The Brain Remember?How does the brain remember the falling New York towers on 9/11? You recall those images, because specific visual cells recognize the 9/11 related emotions and fire. Both research and personal experience contribute to this explanation. Science has acknowledged that visual images travel in parallel projections from your eyes to be mapped exactly as seen, in your visual cortex. Visual images are also known to be received and recalled from the same regions of the visual cortex. You know from experience that each image you recall is related to an emotion. Emotions are known to be signaled by nerve cells. Strong emotion signals record the images of the 9/11 falling towers into the receiving visual cells. At the point of recall, the same visual cells, which recorded the 9/11 emotion signals, fire again. The image signals reach RI in your prefrontal regions. On receiving those impulses, your RI recalls the image. That is how the brain does remember.How Does The Brain Remember - Recognition of Combinations  A Nobel Prize was awarded in 2004 for the discovery that the olfactory networkrecognizes combinations. On this basis, a neuron with 100 dendrites can recognize 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 unique combinations! The human visual system has not 100, but millions of individual pixels, which can represent an infinity of combinations! Combinatorial recognition enables the kind of ability, which enables people to remember and recognize any one of 10,000 images, shown to them at one second intervals. That is how the brain does remember.How Does The Brain Remember - The Relevance of Parallel Projections Parallel projections enable nerve cells to transmit combinations. Throughout their growth, the axons of nerve cells extend and map on to specific target regions in parallel projections. Consider the messages carried by a bundle of glass fibers. If each fiber carries an individual message, the relative location of the fibers will be irrelevant. But suppose each fiber carries one pixel of a black and white picture. In this case, if the relative positions of the fibers change between the sending and receiving ends, the black and white picture will be lost. If the objective is to transmit a combinatorial picture, the fibers have to be projected in parallel. Each area of the somato-sensory cortex is proportionally linked to the number of nerve endings in the corresponding part of the body. Touch sensory cells in your fingertip have identical proximity relationships when they finally report touch to the cortex. Similar parallel projections exist in numerous other regions. Such mapping implies a combinatorial purpose in the nervous system. The brain does remember combinations. How Does The Brain Remember - Pixel Specific Barrels Visual receptors send signals of each pixel of light to cells in the visual cortex. Each pixel is recorded by a vertical barrel of thousands of nerve cells within a diameter of 200 to 500 microns, extending through all layers of the cortex. Each barrel is linked by a single axon which transmits that pixel to the cortex. Thousands of neurons in it act together, with connected timings, when a stimulus is received from its receptor field. These vertical barrels represent pixel specific information, which is further interpreted by other regions of the cortex. The visual system has dedicated functional groups of over 30 processing centers, which categorize, the color, texture, outlines and edges. Any image finally received by RI is a sophisticated interpretation, which fills in gaps and identifies an object. A rabbit behind a picket fence is not seen as the slices of a rabbit, but as a whole animal. When the related barrels fire, you will recall the image and know it is a rabbit. How Does The Brain Remember - An Emotions Broadcast The vertical barrels in the cortex have both radial and parallel fibers. Radiating downwards from the cortex are millions of fibers which directly link the Barrels through the thalamus to all sensory and motor functions. This link is called the "specific link". The cortex also had a surface layer which runs a thick network of fibers parallel to the surface. These fibers are also linked to the thalamus. The link was recognized when it was discovered that stimulation of the "non-specific nuclei" of the thalamus led to wide-spread "recruiting activity" in the outer layers of the cortex. The emotion signals are broadcast in the outer layers, accessing every barrel in the cortex. Those barrels, which recognize a specific emotion signal, fire to recall an image. That is how the brain does remember. How Does The Brain Remember - Edvard Moser Since writing this article, Edvard Moser reported, in 2011, that memories are stored in different regions of the brain and that a consolidated memory develops in about 125 milliseconds. He monitored different parts of a rat's brain as it explored its neighborhood. Different lighting schemes in a single box tricked the rat into believing it was in different neighborhoods. Distinctly different memory locations became activated in the rat's brain in each visualized location. The rat instantly adjusted to a new environment indicated by a different lighting scheme by recalling a different memory from a different part of the brain. Moser discovered that each memory was an integral whole for the 125 millisecond period. When the environment changed, the brain of the rat switched the memory to recollect details of a new background. There was no confusion between the memory location barrels in the rat's brain, when the changed environment was “completely different.” How Does The Brain Remember - The Hippocampus The hippocampus is known to assist the formation of memory, while older memories of a patient persist, even if the organ is damaged. Researchers at MIT trained rats to run along a circular track for a food reward. Their brain activity was monitored during the task and during sleep. While the animal ran, its brain created a distinctive pattern of neurons firing in the hippocampus. The researchers then examined more than 40 REM episodes recorded while the rats slept. About half repeated the unique signature of brain activity that was created as the animal ran. The correlation was so close that the researchers found that as the animal dreamed, they could reconstruct where it would be in the maze if it were awake and whether the animal was dreaming of running or standing still. During sleep, the thalamo-cortical link enables the hippocampus to dispatch impulses, which reinforce emotion memories in the vertical barrels of the cortex during sleep. Subsequently, the emotions are recognized by the barrels, which fire to recall sensory memories. That is how the brain does remember. How Does The Brain Remember - Emotions Dominate  Your mind is dominated by a single group of emotions. An intuitive decision making process selects the current emotion. Since the current emotion is broadcast in the outer layers of the cortex, the emotion affects your recalled memories and motor responses. How the brain does remember is pivotal. If you are angry, you remember the wrongs committed by your opponent. If you are fearful, you remember the previous instances, where you failed. Your motor responses also respond to your emotion. Your emotions grant you a partisan view of life. When your emotions are quieted, your RI has a global view and your actions have a calm wisdom.How Does The Brain Remember - REFERENCES Emotions are neural signals Scar tissue in the cerebral cortex is one of the causes of epilepsy. When operating to remove the scar tissue, the surgeon has to stimulate the brain electrically on the conscious patient to locate the problem area. Excitation of certain parts of the temporal lobe produces intense fear in the patient. Other parts cause feelings of isolation, of loneliness or sometimes of disgust. The Oxford Companion to The Mind, 1987, Richard L.Gregory, Nervous System, P.W.Nathan, Page 527. The septal area has been shown to be a pleasure zone for rats. Experiments were conducted on the animals with electrodes planted in this area where they could self stimulate themselves by pressing on a lever. They were observed to continue until they were exhausted preferring the effect of stimulation to normally pleasurable activities such as consuming food. The Oxford Companion to The Mind, 1987, Richard L.Gregory, Centers in The Brain, O.L.Zangwill, Page 129. Feelings are nerve signals Nerve endings or sensors relay relay from tissues all over the body sensations including sharp pain, burning pain, cool or warm temperature, itching, muscle contraction, muscle burn because of lactic acid, joint movements, soft touch, mechanical stress, tickling, flushing, hunger and thirst to two thumb-size parts of the cortex called the insula, one on the left and one on the right side of the brain. Further information on bodily states like temperature or the need for water, that need to be monitored to keep the body stable, in equilibrium, sensory news from internal organs are also sent to the insulae. Dr. Arthur Craig, Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, in a series of recent articles published in leading neuroscience journals. An emotions channel The limbic system of the brain contains a ring of interconnected neurons containing over a million fibers connecting the thalamus, the hippocampus, the septal areas and the amygdaloid body. The ring transmits impulses in both directions. In 1937 Papez postulated that these parts of the brain constitute a harmonious mechanism which may elaborate functions of central emotion as well as participate in emotional expression. The Human Nervous System, 1983, 4th Edition, Murray L. Barr and John A. Kiernan, Regional Anatomy of the Central Nervous System, Circuits of the Limbic System, Page 268. Mapping Throughout the growth of the nervous system, axons grow from one region to another and "map" on to specific target regions. The Oxford Companion to The Mind, 1987, Richard L.Gregory, Brain Development, Colwyn Trevarthen, Pages 101-110. Emotions recall memories Stimulating the amygdala is the surest way to “replay” a full experience, such as an autobiographical memory...” Phantoms In the Brain, (1999) Sandra Blakeslee & V.S.Ramachandran, Do Martians See Red? Page 245. Emotions broadcastIn the early forties, Dempsey and Morison reported that repeated electrical stimuli into the "non-specific" nuclei of the thalamus resulted in widespread activity in the outermost cortical layers. The activity appeared to be of a "recruiting" nature. In 1960 Jasper again suggested that the synaptic termination of the fibers of the "non-specific" system in the cortex travels parallel to the surface and is widely distributed in all layers, but the principal functional processes appear to be within the outermost layers. The Human Nervous System, 1975, 6th Edition, Raymond C. Truex and Malcolm B. Carpenter, The Cerebral Cortex, Nonspecific Thalamocortical Relationships, Page 582-584 The Human Memory Research Mistake The human memory research mistake is that science has not yet focused on explaining its massive capacity and precision. Daniel Amen The unique ability of Dr Daniel Amen to link brain images to behavioral problems is inexplicable to a large section of the medical community. Back To Top Return from How Does The Brain Remember To Effective Mind Control Home Page E-Mail Me Your Comments! |
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Effective Mind Control
Mind Control Tips
Steps to reach your highest RI level of consciousness.
A Self Improvement Plan
A life plan for effective stress relief.
Developing Self awareness
The process can take the sting out of your fears and frustrations.
Eugene Gendlin Focusing
About Eugene Gendlin's steps to achieve self awareness.
Who Am I?
The great sage Ramana Maharshi advised his pupil to ask this question.
How To Relax At Work
Steps to help you to relax quickly while at work.
Breathing Exercises
Conscious breathing stills disturbing emotions.
Visceral Reaction
An exercise to subdue the impact of a visceral reaction.
Mindfulness Exercises
Your ability to recognize patterns can improve the quality of your life.
Coping With Stress
How to "Accept the things you cannot change."
About Will Power
Will power has nothing to do with a free will.
The Startle Response
On dealing with unwanted surprises in life.
Your Hidden Emotions
Your Hidden Emotions
How to uncover and regulate your hidden emotions.
When Life Has No Meaning
Finding the meaning of life has little to do with your happiness.
Overcoming Shyness
It is all about being comfortable with people.
Developing Intuition
Enrich your life by gaining timely and helpful insights.
A Cure For Boredom
Permanently cure the boredom malady.
The EFT Way To Be Happy
Be rid of your bad feelings through acupressure.
I Am So Sad
Not a mild, momentary unhappiness, but afeeling of intense grief.
Make Life Meaningful
Can 15 year old Angie make life meaningful?
What Causes Fear
A potential for pain, or an unrecognizable event, causes fear.
Dealing With Severe Guilt
A few years back, Ann swung out on to the outer lane to overtake...
Controlling Anger
Achieve a measure of control and your mind will not revert.
On Swallowing Your Pride
All about avoiding embarrassment.
The Power Of Gratitude
While it brings a sense of well-being, is it justified?
Social Comparison
A relentless and often troubling drive within you.
Overcoming Low Self Esteem
Learn to rid yourself of a painful habit.
Respect
Respect is a herd emotion, which helps you to jump the queue.
What Is Trust?
Trust is a positive emotion, which makes people rely on others.
Contempt
The word "contempt" implies either disgust, or disrespect. The two are different.
The Power Of Expectation
Hidden expectations become self-fulfilling prophesies
Pessimist To Optimist
Switch off pessimism and improve your health.
A View Of The Mind
How The Mind Works
Pattern recognition explains the brilliant wisdom of the mind.
The Triune Brain
The three guiding objectives of nature's control systems.
Consciousness & Soul
Your consciousness occasionally mirrors your soul.
Levels of consciousness
Evolution created different levels of consciousness.
What Causes Emotions?
The neural signals, which control behavior.
The Secret Of Intuition
Intuition is a pattern recognition algorithm.
The Subconscious Mind
The troubling drives within your subconscious mind.
What Is Intelligence?
A 2004 Nobel Prize refers to the central secret of human and animal intelligence.
Human Memory Capacity
About the immense capacity of human memory.
The Olfactory Sense
The olfactory sense has used a specific coding principle for hundreds of millions of years.
How Do We Remember?
Nerve cells recognize your current emotion and recall related images.
Long Term Potentiation
LTP is not the basis for human memory, but merely assists memory retrieval.
Behavior Pattern Recognition
Enables the mind to understand events.
Memory Research
Science has not focused on its huge capacity and precision.
Amygdala & Emotions
The amygdala triggers your emotions faster than your conscious awareness.
Insular Cortex & Social Emotions
The insular cortex grants you self awareness, empathy and social discipline.
Mirror Neurons
How can a group of neurons generate a subtle experience like empathy?
Stress Relief & Attention
Focusing attention inwards is the secret of effective mind control.
Theory of Mind
The knowledge, which enables you to predict and manipulate the behavior of others.
Meditation Benefits
Understand why it works.
A Theory Of Motivation
Motivation levels are regulated by neural pattern recognition events.
Acupuncture - How it Works
Acupuncture utilizes the capacity of the mind to sense combinatorial patterns.
Daniel Amen
How he links brain images to behavioral problems is inexplicable to many scientists.
Determinism vs Free Will
Free will loses in the determinism vs free will debate.
Define Common Sense
Science cannot clearly define common sense.
Intuitive Decision Making
Intuition can hand over control to fear, or make wise decisions.
Organ Transplants
Behavior transfer after organ transplants.
The Limbic System
The limbic system makes the behavioral choices of the human mind.
Artificial Intelligence
The AI disadvantage
AI lacks the real tools needed to succeed. It has one now!
Uncertainty & Expert Systems
Uncertainty can assist Expert Systems to diagnose problems.
Future Computers And Robotics
The Evolution Of Computers
The next stage is pattern recognition, leading to true artificial intelligence.
Robots In Our Future
They will, one day, be able to read and understand this article.
Kurzweil Singularity
Singularity will not be the end of human understanding.
Watson Computer - Finally, Strong AI!
UIMA, a program that can read and understand this article.
A View Of Management
Motivation Techniques
Motivation techniques should be humane and help people to achieve excellence.
Stress Free Career Success
Stress free career success is possible even if you are not a millionaire.
Practice Love and Compassion
Practice love and compassion as your life strategy and flow with the tide of nature.
NLP For Dummies
NLP is for dummies.
Living In The Now
A way of blocking out bad thoughts and finding joy.
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